了解自閉症1,2
自閉症譜系障礙是一種先天性的發展障礙,與接種混合疫苗、家庭背景或管教方式等無關。研究發現,若果你的子女其中一人患有自閉症,其兄弟姐妹患有自閉症的風險會較高。根據《精神疾病診斷準則手冊》第五版 (DSM-5) 的指引,自閉症、亞氏保加症、待分類的廣泛性發展障礙 (PDD-NOS)等均屬於自閉症譜系障礙的範疇。
自閉症在香港有多普遍?3
發病率
本地研究顯示,於香港,15歲以下兒童的自閉症譜系障礙患病率,約為0.16%左右。
男女比例
根據統計數字,男性自閉症譜系障礙患者明顯比女性患者多,比例約為6.6比1。
自閉症的成因3
自閉症譜系障礙的成因,到現時為止,仍然未有確實的結論,但普遍認為與遺傳因素有莫大關係,亦可能由多項基因及環境因素所影響,大約有10%的自閉症譜系障礙患者,亦同時患有其他遺傳及基因突變疾病,例如唐氏綜合症、脆性X綜合症、以及結節性硬化症等等。
1歲或之前
可觀察到較嚴重的症狀
2歲
為最早確診時間
3歲或之前
為黃金治療期
自閉症的症狀4
自閉症的治療
自閉症的迷思
參考資料:
- Child Assessment Service, Department of Health. Autism Spectrum Disorder. Available from: https://www.dhcas.gov.hk/file/conditions/ASD_TC__18072018.pdf. Accessed Dec 6, 2021.
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Diagnostic Criteria. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/hcp-dsm.html. Accessed Dec 6, 2021.
- Shall We Talk. Autism Spectrum Disorder. Available at: https://shallwetalk.hk/zh/mental-health-information/autism-spectrum-disorder. Accessed Dec 6, 2021.
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. What is Autism Spectrum Disorder? Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/facts.html. Accessed Dec 6, 2021.
- Blankenship K, Erickson CA, Stigler KA, et al. Aripiprazole for irritability associated with autistic disorder in children and adolescents aged 6-17 years. Ped Health. 2010;4:375-381.
- Ghanizadeh A, Sahraeizadeh A, Berk M. A head-to-head comparison of aripiprazole and risperidone for safety and treating autistic disorders, a randomized double blind clinical trial. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2014;45:185-92.
- Institute of Mental Health, Castle Peak Hospital. Autism. Available from: https://www3.ha.org.hk/cph/imh/mhi/article_02_01_02_chi.asp. Accessed Dec 6, 2021.
- Taylor DM, Barnes TRE, Young AH. The Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines in Psychiatry, 13th Edition. John Wiley & Sons. 2018;May 14:258-344.